Prevent Frozen Pipes: Complete Winter Protection Guide

Walk through your home and identify vulnerable pipes: exterior wall pipes, pipes in unheated crawlspaces and basements, attic pipes, pipes in cabinets against exterior walls, and pipes in uninsulated garages. In cold climates, interior pipes can freeze if the home loses power. Pay special attention to the first 3 feet from the water heater and the water service entry point.

Foam pipe sleeves: $1–$3 per 6-foot section, R-3 to R-5, easy to install with a slit down the side. Heat tape/cable: $30–$100, thermostatically controlled, essential for pipes in unconditioned spaces. Apply heat tape in a spiral for straight runs. Insulate ALL accessible pipes in unheated areas. For curved sections, use foam pipe tape or pre-formed elbow covers.

When temps stay below 20°F for 6+ hours: open cabinet doors under sinks to allow warm air circulation, let all faucets drip (hot and cold), set thermostat no lower than 55°F (even when away), open interior doors to promote air circulation, and know your main water shutoff location. If you lose heat, drain the water system before pipes freeze.

If you suspect a frozen pipe: open the faucet that the pipe serves for pressure relief. Check for frost or ice on exposed pipes. Apply heat starting from the faucet end, working toward the cold section. Never start heating at the frozen middle—steam pressure can burst the pipe. Safe heat sources: hair dryer (move constantly), heat lamp (12+ inches away), space heater (6+ feet, never leave unattended). As ice melts, water flow will start. Let it run for a minute to fully clear.

Call a plumber immediately if: you cannot locate the frozen section, water is leaking from a burst pipe (shut off main water first), the frozen pipe is inside a wall or ceiling, you have applied heat for 30+ minutes with no results, or you are not comfortable working near electrical systems. Most plumbing services offer 24/7 emergency calls during cold snaps.